The culture of sauna bathing, which uses heat as a form of therapy, dates back thousands of years and has roots in various parts of the world. The steam sauna, appreciated by modern enthusiasts of healthy living, is just one of many forms of heat baths historically used for both relaxation and purification of the body and mind. Let’s explore how the steam sauna has secured its place in culture and how its properties can support our well-being.
Steam Sauna in the Modern World
Today, steam saunas are becoming increasingly popular worldwide, found in both spa centers and private homes. Modern technologies enable the use of combi stoves, allowing users to choose between dry and steam sauna modes, tailoring the experience to individual preferences.
As sauna use grows, so does awareness of its benefits for physical and mental health. Combining tradition and modernity, sauna bathing remains one of the most universal health rituals, standing the test of time and continuing to be practiced successfully worldwide. For many, the steam sauna is not only a way to relax but also a connection to centuries-old traditions and a return to nature.
Although different from the dry sauna in terms of humidity and effect, the steam sauna shares a similar design to the Finnish sauna. Its primary construction elements include walls and ceilings finished with natural wood, known for its excellent thermal insulation properties. The wooden finish provides a pleasant experience as it doesn’t overheat, preventing burns upon contact. The interior of the sauna features multi-level benches, allowing users to adjust the heat intensity—sitting higher means experiencing more heat as hot air accumulates near the ceiling. This design helps users customize the conditions even during a single session.
A Historical Overview of Steam Saunas
The steam sauna, as we know it today, evolved from various sauna traditions. Early examples include Finnish saunas, which initially consisted of simple earth pits heated with hot stones. Over time, these practices evolved, becoming integral to Finnish culture and eventually inspiring diverse forms worldwide.
Finland
In Finland, sauna bathing is not just a way to warm up in a harsh climate but an integral part of daily life and social traditions. Traditional Finnish saunas emphasized dry heat, but over time, stoves with steam options emerged, enabling the creation of steam saunas with higher humidity. Finnish saunas have grown into a cultural phenomenon and symbol of national identity. Even today, Finns believe that saunas cleanse both the body and the soul.
The Roman Empire
In ancient times, the Romans developed advanced public bath systems, known as thermae. These complexes offered various bathing forms, including hot steam baths. Roman thermae were adorned with marble and mosaics, reminiscent of today’s steam sauna designs. These baths served not only hygiene purposes but also as venues for social and political gatherings.
Turkey and the Middle East
In Turkish and Arab cultures, the hammam is a popular form of steam bath, characterized by purification rituals and body care ceremonies. In a hammam, steam and specialized massage and cleansing techniques are integral. Turkish baths were venues for both social interactions and physical and spiritual cleansing. Today, hammams remain a key part of Arab and Turkish culture, symbolizing relaxation and rejuvenation.
Japan
In Japan, instead of steam saunas, onsen (hot springs) and sentō (public baths) are popular. While Japanese onsen differ from typical saunas, their purpose aligns—cleansing, regeneration, and relaxation. Connecting with nature, onsen rituals offer a spiritual and calming experience. For the Japanese, hot water baths are deeply linked to purifying the body and mind.
These cultural practices showcase unique ways of harnessing heat and steam for health and well-being. The modern steam sauna is a result of these traditions, evolving into a more universal form that is accessible and appreciated worldwide.
Steam Sauna Stove – The Heart of the Sauna
The steam sauna relies on a specialized stove equipped with a steam generator, setting it apart from classic dry saunas. Known as a combi stove or dual-function stove, this equipment allows flexible control over sauna conditions, enabling both dry and steam sauna experiences.
Dry Mode: The stove generates heat with low humidity levels.
Steam Mode: A steam generator increases humidity to 40-65%, while the stove regulates the temperature, ensuring the combined heat and humidity levels remain comfortable and safe.
Popular brands producing such advanced stoves include Harvia, EOS, and Sawo. These stoves provide seamless switching between modes, giving users full control over their sauna experience.
Control Options for the Heater – FFES Controller
The heater with a steam generator is operated using specialized controllers, such as those from the FFES brand. These controllers allow for precise adjustment of temperature and humidity in the sauna. With their advanced features, users can choose:
- Dry or Steam Sauna Mode
Depending on personal preference, users can select whether the sauna functions as a classic dry sauna with lower humidity or as a steam sauna with high humidity. - Temperature Settings
In steam sauna mode, the temperature is typically lower, ranging between 40-65°C, providing comfortable conditions combined with high humidity. In dry sauna mode, the temperature can reach 70-110°C, depending on the user's preference. - Humidity Regulation
Thanks to the steam generator, users can set the desired humidity level in steam mode. The humidity range can be adjusted from 40% to as high as 65%, creating ideal conditions for inhalation and deep relaxation. - Timer and Delayed Start Function
The FFES controller often includes a timer feature, enabling the sauna to be pre-programmed to operate at a specific time or to set a delayed start. This is convenient for users who wish to have the sauna ready at a particular hour. - Safety and Control
Advanced FFES controllers also feature safety functions, such as automatic shutdown of the heater after the maximum session time and sensors that monitor temperature and humidity, ensuring safe operation. - Remote Control Option
FFES controllers offer the possibility of adding a remote control option. By downloading a mobile app, users can control the sauna from anywhere in the world with just a few taps!
Health Benefits of Steam Saunas
Steam saunas offer numerous health advantages, which are increasingly valued today. Combining moderate temperatures (50-65°C) with high humidity (40-60%), they create ideal conditions for physical and mental rejuvenation.
Detoxification
Steam opens pores, promoting the elimination of toxins through intense sweating. This process helps remove impurities and heavy metals, enhancing skin appearance.
Skin Improvement
High humidity acts as a natural moisturizer, benefiting those with dry or sensitive skin. Steam aids in exfoliating dead skin cells, fostering better skin regeneration and radiance.
Immune Boost
Steam saunas stimulate white blood cell production, enhancing the body’s ability to fight infections. Regular sessions can improve resistance to colds and other illnesses.
Respiratory Support
Hot steam moisturizes airways, alleviating irritation and thinning mucus, making it ideal for asthma, sinusitis, or allergies. It eases breathing and relieves symptoms.
Maximizing the Potential of a Steam Sauna
To fully benefit from a steam sauna, follow these guidelines:
- Session time Spend 10-15 minutes per session, with a maximum of 45 minutes daily to avoid dehydration or overexertion.
- Hydration Drink plenty of water before, during, and after sauna use to prevent dehydration.
- Shower Take a shower before entering to cleanse the skin and after the session to close pores and restore thermal balance.
- Rest Allow time to rest post-session to maximize the sauna's benefits.
Contraindications for Steam Sauna Use
Despite its benefits, steam saunas are not suitable for everyone. People with certain conditions should avoid or consult a doctor before regular use. Contraindications include:
- Serious heart conditions (e.g., hypertension, arrhythmia)
- Respiratory failure
- Active infections
- Severe skin conditions
- Epilepsy